Inventions - User contributions [en]

Panel

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:38:25 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Has no specific name.

|inventore= Domenico da Chivasso

|data= 1346

|descrizione= Instrument described by Domenico da Chivasso for measuring the distance between two towers or two cities. On the board, the directions of the visual rays encompassing the two towers are traced (by applying the eye to the edge of the board) and on these lines the respective distances, measured with other instruments, between the observer and the towers, are entered in scale. The line joining the ends of the segments measured shows the distance between the towers in scale. The triangle drawn on the boards, in fact, is a first form of topographical triangulation, and its vertices represent, in scale, a zenithal projection of the mutual positions of the observer and the two towers or cities.

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|riferimentibibliografici= Domenico da Chivasso. ''Practica geometriae'', Firenza, Biblioteca Mediceo Laurenziana, San Marco 215, cc. 124v-144r, I, 1.

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Image: 56713.jpg | Domenico da Chivasso. ''Pratica Geometriae'', ms, Firenze, 1346, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, San Marco 215, c.127r. 

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|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
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|italiano= Tavoletta

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Instrument for Copying Drawings

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:35:04 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Has no specific name.

|inventore=

|data= XVI century

|descrizione= Illustrated in a manuscript by Giacomo Contarini, the instrument is composed of a goniometer with a graduated ruler pivoting at its centre. The goniometric circle had four points used to fix it to the drawing board. The ruler had symmetrical graduation, so that each point measured on the drawing placed beside the goniometer could be transcribed onto the blank sheet of paper placed on the opposite side. To enlarge or reduce a drawing, it was sufficient to multiply or reduce the measurements.
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|riferimentibibliografici= Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d’istromenti matematici e loro uso'' , ca. 1590. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital., 145, c. 40.

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Image: 56712.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c14parziale. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

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|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
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|italiano= Strumento per riprodurre i disegni

}}

Instrument for Copying Drawings

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:34:55 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Has no specific name.

|inventore=

|data= XVI century

|descrizione= Illustrated in a manuscript by Giacomo Contarini, the instrument is composed of a goniometer with a graduated ruler pivoting at its centre. The goniometric circle had four points used to fix it to the drawing board. The ruler had symmetrical graduation, so that each point measured on the drawing placed beside the goniometer could be transcribed onto the blank sheet of paper placed on the opposite side. To enlarge or reduce a drawing, it was sufficient to multiply or reduce the measurements.
|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici= Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d’istromenti matematici e loro uso'' , ca. 1590. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital., 145, c. 40.

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<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Immagine: 56712.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c14parziale. 

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|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

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|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
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|italiano= Strumento per riprodurre i disegni

}}

Drawing Instrument for Sundials

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:33:18 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Has no specific name.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente?

|data= XVI century

|descrizione= Instrument illustrated by Giacomo Contarini as one of Fabrizio Mordente’s inventions. Although there is no text to explain its operation, it was probably designed for drawing sundials. On a horizontal half-disk is a dial carrying a compass and a long rod on which slides a graduated disk with a diagram of the zodiacal arc. The user fixed the horizontal half-disk to a table, and, establishing a fixed reference point (the façade of a building, for example), rotated the dial in the direction of the local meridian, inclining the rod according to the latitude of the place and fixing the zodiacal disc in relation to the desired size of the drawing. By means of a string, the zodiacal signs were then projected onto the horizontal sheet of flat paper.

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|riferimentibibliografici= Contarini,Giacomo, ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, cc. 28-29.

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Image: 56711.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, cc28-29. 

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|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

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|italiano= Strumento da disegno per orologi solari

}}

Square by Egnazio Danti

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:31:33 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Name adopted by the inventor.

|inventore= Egnazio Danti (1536-1586)

|data= ca. 1570

|descrizione= Perspective instrument designed by Egnazio Danti, perhaps while employed as teacher at the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno. It is a graduated square sliding along a guide placed on the margin of the sheet of drawing paper. The painter’s viewing point is replaced by a hook in the wall as in Albrecht Dürer’s [[Door |window]], and the visual ray is represented by a string stretched taught between the hook and a point on the object to be drawn. The vertical arm of the square serves to intersect the “visual” string, while the horizontal one, thanks to the graduated scale, is used to transcribe the intersection point onto the drawing paper. The image observed is basically overturned on the horizontal plane. Danti proposes this instrument as a variant of Dürer’s window: "Add to the above-mentioned windows, this one reduced to the form of rules, which I once fabricated in this way in Florence. I used three rules, each four palms long …But I divided them into 40 parts each, and used them in such a way that, at point C, they were attached together to form a square..." Some variants of the instrument appear in manuscripts from the Veneto area that were owned by Giacomo Contarini and Gian Vincenzo Pinelli.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici= Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da. ''Le due regole della prospettiva pratica. Con i comentarij del R.P.M. Egnatio Danti''. In Roma, per Francesco Zannetti, 1583, p. 59. 
Anonimo, ''Prospettiva, o sia trattato matematico sopra i modi di mettere varie cose in perdimento, ò sia scorcio dichiarato con le figure'', Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, P 103 Sup., c. 65. 
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti matematici e loro uso'', ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 17. 

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Image: 301938_00077.jpg | Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. ''Le due regole della prospettiva pratica'', Roma, 1583, p. 59. 

Image: 56710.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c17. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

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|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
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|italiano= Squadra di Egnazio Danti

}}

Minutes Gauge

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:29:09 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-ca. 1608)

|data= ca. 1570

|descrizione= Transmission instrument invented by Fabrizio Mordente to measure fractions of a degree. The instrument, described in a manuscript by Giacomo Contarini, consists of a square box with two indexes on the cover, one at the centre describing a 90° arc and one below it describing a 60° arc. The indexes are connected to two wheels mounted inside the box, having diameters in the ratio of 1:60 and connected to each other by a string that transmits the rotary motion from one to the other. Given the ratio between the diameters, moving the larger wheel by one degree causes the smaller wheel to rotate 60°. Accordingly, to measure a fraction of a degree, it is sufficient to move the central index by that amount in order to read on the lower sextant the value of the minutes and, repeating the operation, of the seconds, thirds and so on. Attempting to perfect Mordente's instrument, "in many of its parts imperfect, since in controlling it with the string one cannot be sure that is perfectly correct", Contarini devised one with cogwheels, described in detail in his manuscript. Resembling an astrolabe in shape, the instrument carries on the back a diopter and two graduated circles, the outer one divided into 60°, the inner into 360°. On the mater is a 360° circle and a diopter with two cogwheels, the central one having 108 teeth, the lower one 120. Each wheel has at the centre a sprocket wheel with six teeth meshed to the teething of the other wheel in such a way that, when the diopter on the mater is moved by one degree, the one on the back completes one full rotation, i.e., 60° on the outer scale. Contarini showed this invention to Guidobaldo del Monte, who then devised a variant consisting of two wheels of 72 and 30 teeth, also equipped with six-toothed sprocket wheels, keeping only the 360° circle on the faces of the instrument. Guidobaldo's variant was published, still further perfected, in the Problematum astronomicorum (Venice 1609). The instrument, designed to measure fractions of a degree and parts of the hour circle, had 8 sprocket wheels and two wheels of 72 and 40 teeth, while the faces of the disk carried scales of 360°, 60° and 24 hours.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici= Contarini,Giacomo, ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145. 

Dal Monte, Guidobaldo,''Guidi Ubaldi e Marchionibus Montis Problematum astronomicorum libri septem'', Venetiis, apud Bernardum Iuntam, Io. Baptistam Ciottum & socios, 1609.

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Image: 959061_00023.jpg | Guidobaldo Dal Monte,''Problematum astronomicorum'', Venezia, 1609, p. 5v. 

Image: 56707.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c34. 

Image: 56708.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c35. 

Image: 56709.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c45. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
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|italiano= Misuratore di minuti d'arco

}}

Forces Gauge

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:26:42 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente

|data= ca. 1570

|descrizione= Instrument fabricated in two versions described by Giacono Contarini as the invention of Fabrizio Mordente. In the first variant the instrument consists of a quadrant carrying an index bearing a variable weight along its length and an arm bearing a counterweight. The instrument was used to measure the ratio of the force required for a man to climb two different gradients, or to tighten two screws with differently inclined thread. In the second variant the instrument has the form of an astrolabe. It is a sort of "balance" mounted on a graduated disc and connected to an index adjustable in relation to a given inclination. The instrument was used to measure the ratio between weight and counterweight to reach a situation of equilibrium. It was used in designing wheels for mills and pumps for drawing water from wells.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici= Contarini,Giacomo, ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, cc. 41-44.

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Image: 56705.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c41. 

Image: 56706.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c43. 

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|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
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|italiano= Misuratore di forze

}}

Bubble Level

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:24:42 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Name currently used to indicate any levelling instrument that makes use of a tube filled with water. Translation of the Latin ''libra aquaria''.

|inventore=

|data=

|descrizione= Instrument of ancient origin for levelling canals and water conduits. Vitruvius mentions it in Book VIII of ''De architectura as libra aquaria''.

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|riferimentibibliografici= Vitruvio (Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus), ''De Architectura'', a cura di Pierre Gros, Einaudi, Torino, 1997, 2 voll., Lib. VIII, cap. V (vol. II, p. 1137).

|strumentiesistenti=
- Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27niveau+eau%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D12%26K%3D35017%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et métiers, inv. 21235-0036-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27niveau+eau%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D13%26K%3D5593%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et métiers, inv. 06693-0001-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27niveau+eau%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D14%26K%3D2686%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et métiers, inv. 04136-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27niveau+eau%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D15%26K%3D38652%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et métiers, inv. 04594-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27niveau+eau%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D16%26K%3D2685%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et métiers, inv. 03844-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27niveau+eau%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D17%26K%3D2772%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et métiers, inv. 02655-0001-] 

- Museum of the History of Science, Oxford 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=8376&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 16699] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=9808&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 54389] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=9807&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 46721] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=3012&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 48921] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=9893&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 74567] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=9830&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 92850] 

|link=
http://web.ct.infn.it/~museo/LIVELLA.HTM (Italian) 
http://ishtar.df.unibo.it/mflu/html/applic2.html (Italian) 
http://www.isissbuonarroti.it/museo/20.htm (Italian) 
http://www.itgalucca.it/aggiornabili/documentazione/Nottolini/museo/schedf16.htm (Italian) 
http://www.buildeazy.com/fp_waterlevel.html (English)

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<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56704.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c39. 

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|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
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|italiano= Livella ad acqua

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Meridian Pointer

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:23:02 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Has no specific name.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente?

|data= ca. 1570

|descrizione= Giacomo Contarini describes it among the inventions of Fabrizio Mordente as an "Inst[rument] f[or] finding the meridian at any time of day without a magnet". The instrument consists of a horizontal disk on which rotates a diopter carrying a triangular plate with a zodiacal belt and an index. The index is positioned at the sign marking the moment of measurement; when the sun's ray passes through the openings in the sights, a lighted dot falls on the diopter, indicating the position of the meridian. The instrument was used to construct sundials.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini,Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 19.

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<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56703.jpg| Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, c. 1590, Oxford, c19. 

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|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
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|italiano= Indicatore di meridiano

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Surveying Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:21:36 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Current name for a surveying instrument widely used in Renaissance times.

|inventore=

|data= 16th-17th C.

|descrizione=
Compass used for surveying, generally consisting of two flat graduated legs, a magnetic [[compass]] in the hinged joint and sighting devices. In its simplest form, this type of compass is well represented by the so-called [[Florentine Archimeter | florentine archimeter]]. In a version described by Giacomo Contarini, which may have been invented by Fabrizio Mordente, the instrument has two graduated legs with a magnetic compass in the joint, a graduated arm also pivoted at the joint, two small graduated arms connected to cursors sliding along the legs, and a 180° graduated arc.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145.

|strumentiesistenti=
- Museo Galileo, Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/TriangulationCompass.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Inv. 645.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/SurveyingCompass_n06.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Inv. 1280.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/SurveyingCompass_n05.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Inv. 1471.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/SurveyingCompass_n04.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Inv. 3687.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/SurveyingCompass_n07.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Inv. 2527.] 

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Image: 56700.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c25. 

Image: 56701.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c39. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
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|italiano= Compasso topografico

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Protractor

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:19:08 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name currently in use, deriving from the Greek ''gonia'' (angle) and ''metron'' (measure).

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|descrizione=
Generic name for instruments used to divide circles and measure plane angles. They can be circular, semicircular or rectangular. To increase its accuracy, the protractor was often inserted in a nonius, a device for enhancing the precision of the measurements made by a direct readout on a graduated scale. The instrument often came with other accessories, such as folding metal arms and plumb bobs. A singular variant for the layouts of fortresses is described by Giacomo Contarini as one of Fabrizio Mordente's inventions.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 23.

|strumentiesistenti=
- Museo Galileo, Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/Protractor_n02.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, inv. 613.] 
[http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=402080 Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, inv. 1126, 612.]

- Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D2%26K%3D2245%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 21729-0001-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D3%26K%3D2246%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 21730-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D4%26K%3D27442%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02888-0000-] 

- The Science Museum, London 
[http://www.ingenious.org.uk/See/?s=S1&ObjectID={5B360CFF-E81D-9962-CB0B-17293CE3B67E}&source=Search&target=SeeMedium The Science museum, inv. 1915-388] 
[http://www.ingenious.org.uk/See/?target=SeeMedium&ObjectID={053349A4-3050-CE37-5644-60E3D9F97689}&s=S1&SearchString=Protractor&source=Search&viewby=images&cntRead=0&cntDebate=0&cntDCBooks=0&cntDCImages=7& The Science museum, "Lusuerg protractor, 1701"] 

- Museum of the History of Science, Oxford 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=2789&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 54238] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=7407&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 17159] 

|link=
http://il.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg9AUtOs96s&feature=related (a video on the invention of the protractor in English)

|immagini=<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56702.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c23. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
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|italiano= Goniometro

}}

"Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses)

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:18:11 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Giacomo Contarini around 1590.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1554-1584

|descrizione=
Compass developed in 1554 by Fabrizio Mordente to measure fractions of a degree with maximum precision in order to perfect the computation of longitude. The first version was designed as a [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]] with a ratio of 1:60 between the settings, published by the author in 1567 in a broadsheet printed in Venice with a dedication to D. Barbaro (''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio…'' [Method for finding with the Astrolabe…). Between 1568 and 1570 Mordente was in Urbino, where he had Simone Barocci construct a new version of the instrument dedicated to Duke Guidobaldo II della Rovere and called [["Compasso Roverino" (Compasses of Della Rovere) | "compasso roverino" (compasses of Della Rovere)]] in his honour. According to Senator Giacomo Contarini, the instrument was known in Venice as the compasso magistrale and was formed of two flat legs with lengthwise slots, in which slid two cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. In 1572 Mordente was in Vienna, where he presented to Maximilian II the third version of the compass, now at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. A whole treatise was dedicated to the operations of the new instrument, called "admirabilis circinus", written by the inventor's brother Gasparo and published in Antwerp in 1584: ''Il compasso del S. Fabrizio Mordente'' [The compasses of Sig. Fabrizio Mordente]. The following year Mordente went to Paris, where he published the fourth version of the instrument, which took the name of [[Eight-Point Compasses | eight-point compasses]]. Mordente later entered the service of Duke Alessandro Farnese and modified his instrument once more, adding the ninth point and writing a manifesto of sorts announcing the birth of the so-called "residuals science". This last version was described in detail by Michel Coignet, who made it known under the name of [[Nine-Point Compasses | nine-point compasses]].
|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Boffito, Giuseppe. ''Paolo dell'Abbaco e Fabrizio Mordente. Il primo compasso proporzionale costruito da Fabrizio Mordente e la Operatio Cilindri di Paolo dell'Abaco'', Firenze 1931. 

Bonelli, Maria Luisa. ''Di una bellissima edizione di Fabrizio Mordente Salernitano «Mathematico della Sacra Ces.a M.ta dell’Imperatore Rudolfo II»'', in «Physis», I, 1959, pp. 127-148. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze, L.S. Olschki, 2000. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Fabrica et usus instrumenti ad horologiorum descriptionem peropportuni'', Roma 1586, cap. XXII, p. 120. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Geometria Practica'', Roma, 1604, I, II, p. 33. 

Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d’istromenti matematici e loro uso'', ms., 1577-86, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon Ital. 145, cc. 6, 7, 34-35, 41. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. ''Meditatiunculae de rebus Mathematicis'', Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Fonds Latin 10246, cc. 110-111. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. Lettera a Giacomo Contarini, 6 ottobre 1577, Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, J 231 Infra, cc. 194v-196r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio, ò Quadrante, ò altro instromento, oltre gradi, intieri, i minuti, et secondi, et ognaltra particella'', Venetia 1567. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Problema mirabile di Fabrizio Mordente'' (1586?), ms., Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, D 235 Inf., cc. 107, 239, Q. 122. Sup., c. 106r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''La Quadratura del Cerchio, la Scienza de' residui, il Compasso et Riga di Fabritio, et di Gasparo Mordente fratelli salernitani'', Anversa 1591 (copia manoscritta, Biblioteca Nazionale di Roma, Fondo Gesuitico 615). 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Le propositioni di Fabritio Mordente Salernitano…'', Roma 1598. 

Mordente, Gasparo. ''Il Compasso del S. Fabritio Mordente con altri Istromenti Mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa 1584. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''The origins of proportional compass from Mordente to Galileo'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 53-69. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''Jacomo Contarini (1536-1595), a venetian patron and collector of mathematical instruments and books'', in «Physis», 2, XVIII, 1976, pp. 117-130. 

Rosen, Edward. ''The Invention of the Reduction Compass'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 306-308. 

Ursi, Nicholaus Raimarus. ''De Astronomicis Hypothesibus…'', Praga 1597, pp. Fii-Fiii. 

|strumentiesistenti=
- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-69 Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-69] 

|link=

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40288.jpg | Gasparo Mordente. ''Il compasso del signor Fabritio Mordente : con altri istromenti mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa, 1584. 

Image: 56697.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c7. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1=
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|italiano= Compasso magistrale

}}

[[Category:Measuring instruments|Compasso Magistrale]]

Pantometer

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:16:53 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name coined by the inventor (in Latin regula pantometra)

|descrizione=
The "regula pantometra" is a [[Proportional Compasses | proportional compasses]] with flat legs designed by Michel Coignet for Archduke Albert, perhaps as early as 1596. The instrument clearly derives from the second version of Fabrizio Mordente's [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] o (1572), but without the slots and cursors. In the two known manuscripts of ''De regulae pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', the compass is described as essentially a surveying instrument, mounted on a tripod identical to the one proposed for Mordente's compass in the treatise on ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente Salernitano..''. [The operation of the compass of Fabrizio Mordente from Salerno…], Antwerp 1608. The compass also had a folding ruler like that of Mordente's compass, and was fitted with optical sights that faithfully reproduced the fixed points of the model it emulated. Moreover, its surveying operations resembled those described in the treatise on Mordente's compass. Unlike the latter, however, Coignet's instrument has other proportional scales engraved on the legs, used to perform more complex operations in trigonometry: the scale of division into equal parts, the scale of cords and the scale of sines.

|inventore= Michel Coignet

|data= 1596?

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Coignet, Michel. ''De Regulae Pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', ms., Oxford, Bodleian Library, Banon Misc. 243. 

Coignet, Michel. ''Usus duodecim divisionem regulae pantometrae'', ms. 1610-1613, Firenze, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 859. 

Coignet, Michel. ''El uso del Compas Proporcional'', ms., 1618, Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale, MS. I.D.I. 

Coignet, Michel. ''La geometrie reduite en un facile et briefve pratique; par deux excellens instrumens, dont l’une est le pantometre ou compas de proportion de Michel Connette ec. L’autre est l’usage du compas a huict poinctes inventé par Fabrice Mordente ec.'', Parigi, Charles Hulpeau, 1626. 

Meskens, Ad. ''Michiel Coignet’s Contribution to the Development of the Sector'', in «Annals of Science», 54 (1997), 2, pp. 143-160. 

|strumentiesistenti=

|link=

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56698.jpg | Coignet, Michel. ''De Regulae Pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', ms., Oxford. 

Image: 56699.jpg | Coignet, Michel. ''Usus duodecim divisionem regulae pantometrae'', ms. 1610-1613, Firenze. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
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|italiano= Compasso pantometro

}}

Reduction Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:15:39 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name currently used for the compass with intersecting legs, or [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]].

|inventore=

|data= 1st C. B.C.?

|descrizione=
Instrument used exclusively to reproduce drawings in reduced or enlarged scale, having two legs intersecting at a fixed or mobile centre whose opposed points form simple ratios of 1:2, 1:3 or other (''Vocabolario della Crusca'', 1878). The most ancient was found in the archaeological excavations of Pompeii. In the Renaissance it was known as [[Double Compasses | double compasses]], compasso a centro mobile (compass with mobile centre) (Giacomo Contarini) or ''compasso con le punte doppie'' (compass with double points) (Muzio Oddi, ''Fabbrica et uso del compasso polimetro'', Milan 1633, Introduction), while in modern terminology it is also called [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]].

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 21. 

Oddi, Muzio. Fabbrica et uso del compasso polimetro, Milano 1633. 

|strumentiesistenti=
- Museo Galileo, Istituto e museo di storia della scienza, Firenze 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass_n02.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 3686.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 655.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass_n01.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 633.] 

- Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D1%26K%3D24208%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02755-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D2%26K%3D24226%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 08851-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D3%26K%3D24214%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02773-0000-] 

Napoli, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Inv. 76684

|link=
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a756424205~frm=titlelink (English)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0101-39792.jpg | Leonardo da Vinci. ''Il Codice Atlantico di Leonardo da Vinci : edizione in facsimile dopo il restauro dell'originale conservato nella Biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano''. Firenze, 1973-1975, c. 1046r. 

Image: 8528_3202_1659-024.jpg | Nicolas Bion. ''Traité de la construction et des principaux usages des instruments de mathematique'', Paris, 1725, tav. 8. 

Image: 56696.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c21. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso di riduzione

}}

Eight-Point Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:14:17 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Milles Denorry ("Compas à huict Poinctes") in 1588.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1585

|descrizione=
Fourth version of the so-called [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] described by Fabrizio Mordente in a broadsheet printed in Paris in 1585 entitled ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente....'' [The Compass and Figure of Fabrizio Mordente…]. Hoping to obtain a position at the court of Henry III, Mordente gave various public demonstrations of his compass. Giordano Bruno was present at one of these demonstrations. Fascinated by the invention, he decided to compose two dialogues to disclose the hermetic secrets of the compass, developing his first reflections on the nature of the minimum. The ''Dialogi duo'' [Two dialogues] (Paris 1586) brought the compass to the attention of the scientific world, but cast a shadow of infamy on Mordente, who was suspected of plagiarism. Mordente publicly denounced the arrogance of Bruno, who wrote another two dialogues in which the "god of geometers", as he had called Mordente in the previous dialogues, was scornfully portrayed as the "Triumphant Idiot" (''Idiota Triumphans…''). After this violent argument, the mathematician Milles Denorry published a treatise on the compasses, ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'' [The use and operation of the eight-point compasses] (1588), popularizing the name of 8-point compass. The compasses was composed of two slender square-section legs along which slid four cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. Of the other four points, two were on the ends of the legs and two at the hinged joint. The compasses was always used with a particular geometric figure, a quadrant, to carry out proportional operations and measure fractions of degrees.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Bruno, Giordano. ''Dialogi duo de Fabricii Mordentis Salernitani propre divina adinventione ad perfectam cosmimetriae praxim'', Parigi 1586. 

Bruno, Giordano. ''Idiota Triumphans, De somnii interpretatione, Mordentius, De Mordentij circino'', Parigi 1586. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il Compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze 2000.

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

|strumentiesistenti=

- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-67b Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-67b] 

|link=

http://www.nicolaseverino.it/Articoli/Il_compasso_di_proporzione.pdf (Italian)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40308.jpg| Fabrizio Mordente. ''Il compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente''. Parigi, 1585. 

Image: 56694.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. ms., 1608, Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Gamma U.1.18- Campori 209, il compasso di Mordente. 

Image: 56695-Compasso_8_punte_p111_1000.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. ms., 1608, Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Gamma U.1.18, c. 2v, il compasso di Mordente nell'uso topografico. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
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|italiano= Compasso a otto punte

}}

Eight-Point Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:13:36 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Milles Denorry ("Compas à huict Poinctes") in 1588.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1585

|descrizione=
Fourth version of the so-called [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] described by Fabrizio Mordente in a broadsheet printed in Paris in 1585 entitled ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente....'' [The Compass and Figure of Fabrizio Mordente…]. Hoping to obtain a position at the court of Henry III, Mordente gave various public demonstrations of his compass. Giordano Bruno was present at one of these demonstrations. Fascinated by the invention, he decided to compose two dialogues to disclose the hermetic secrets of the compass, developing his first reflections on the nature of the minimum. The ''Dialogi duo'' [Two dialogues] (Paris 1586) brought the compass to the attention of the scientific world, but cast a shadow of infamy on Mordente, who was suspected of plagiarism. Mordente publicly denounced the arrogance of Bruno, who wrote another two dialogues in which the "god of geometers", as he had called Mordente in the previous dialogues, was scornfully portrayed as the "Triumphant Idiot" (''Idiota Triumphans…''). After this violent argument, the mathematician Milles Denorry published a treatise on the compasses, ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'' [The use and operation of the eight-point compasses] (1588), popularizing the name of 8-point compass. The compasses was composed of two slender square-section legs along which slid four cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. Of the other four points, two were on the ends of the legs and two at the hinged joint. The compasses was always used with a particular geometric figure, a quadrant, to carry out proportional operations and measure fractions of degrees.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Bruno, Giordano. ''Dialogi duo de Fabricii Mordentis Salernitani propre divina adinventione ad perfectam cosmimetriae praxim'', Parigi 1586. 

Bruno, Giordano. ''Idiota Triumphans, De somnii interpretatione, Mordentius, De Mordentij circino'', Parigi 1586. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il Compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze 2000.

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

|strumentiesistenti=

- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-67b Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-67b] 

|link=

http://www.nicolaseverino.it/Articoli/Il_compasso_di_proporzione.pdf (Italian)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40308.jpg| Fabrizio Mordente. ''Il compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente''. Parigi, 1585. 

Image: 56694.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. ms., 1608, Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Gamma U.1.18- Campori 209, il compasso di Mordente. 

Image: Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. ms., 1608, Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Gamma U.1.18, c. 2v, il compasso di Mordente nell'uso topografico. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
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|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
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|italiano= Compasso a otto punte

}}

Meridian Pointer

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 08:01:57 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Has no specific name.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente?

|data= ca. 1570

|descrizione= Giacomo Contarini describes it among the inventions of Fabrizio Mordente as an "Inst[rument] f[or] finding the meridian at any time of day without a magnet". The instrument consists of a horizontal disk on which rotates a diopter carrying a triangular plate with a zodiacal belt and an index. The index is positioned at the sign marking the moment of measurement; when the sun's ray passes through the openings in the sights, a lighted dot falls on the diopter, indicating the position of the meridian. The instrument was used to construct sundials.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini,Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 19.

|strumentiesistenti=

|link=

|immagini=

<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56703.jpg| Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, c. 1590, Oxford IN Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, c19. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
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|italiano= Indicatore di meridiano

}}

Protractor

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:59:53 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name currently in use, deriving from the Greek ''gonia'' (angle) and ''metron'' (measure).

|inventore=

|data=

|descrizione=
Generic name for instruments used to divide circles and measure plane angles. They can be circular, semicircular or rectangular. To increase its accuracy, the protractor was often inserted in a nonius, a device for enhancing the precision of the measurements made by a direct readout on a graduated scale. The instrument often came with other accessories, such as folding metal arms and plumb bobs. A singular variant for the layouts of fortresses is described by Giacomo Contarini as one of Fabrizio Mordente's inventions.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 23.

|strumentiesistenti=
- Museo Galileo, Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/Protractor_n02.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, inv. 613.] 
[http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=402080 Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, inv. 1126, 612.]

- Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D2%26K%3D2245%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 21729-0001-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D3%26K%3D2246%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 21730-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D4%26K%3D27442%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02888-0000-] 

- The Science Museum, London 
[http://www.ingenious.org.uk/See/?s=S1&ObjectID={5B360CFF-E81D-9962-CB0B-17293CE3B67E}&source=Search&target=SeeMedium The Science museum, inv. 1915-388] 
[http://www.ingenious.org.uk/See/?target=SeeMedium&ObjectID={053349A4-3050-CE37-5644-60E3D9F97689}&s=S1&SearchString=Protractor&source=Search&viewby=images&cntRead=0&cntDebate=0&cntDCBooks=0&cntDCImages=7& The Science museum, "Lusuerg protractor, 1701"] 

- Museum of the History of Science, Oxford 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=2789&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 54238] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=7407&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 17159] 

|link=
http://il.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg9AUtOs96s&feature=related (a video on the invention of the protractor in English)

|immagini=<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56702.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590 IN Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, c23. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
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|italiano= Goniometro

}}

Pantometer

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:58:39 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name coined by the inventor (in Latin regula pantometra)

|descrizione=
The "regula pantometra" is a [[Proportional Compasses | proportional compasses]] with flat legs designed by Michel Coignet for Archduke Albert, perhaps as early as 1596. The instrument clearly derives from the second version of Fabrizio Mordente's [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] o (1572), but without the slots and cursors. In the two known manuscripts of ''De regulae pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', the compass is described as essentially a surveying instrument, mounted on a tripod identical to the one proposed for Mordente's compass in the treatise on ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente Salernitano..''. [The operation of the compass of Fabrizio Mordente from Salerno…], Antwerp 1608. The compass also had a folding ruler like that of Mordente's compass, and was fitted with optical sights that faithfully reproduced the fixed points of the model it emulated. Moreover, its surveying operations resembled those described in the treatise on Mordente's compass. Unlike the latter, however, Coignet's instrument has other proportional scales engraved on the legs, used to perform more complex operations in trigonometry: the scale of division into equal parts, the scale of cords and the scale of sines.

|inventore= Michel Coignet

|data= 1596?

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Coignet, Michel. ''De Regulae Pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', ms., Oxford, Bodleian Library, Banon Misc. 243. 

Coignet, Michel. ''Usus duodecim divisionem regulae pantometrae'', ms. 1610-1613, Firenze, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 859. 

Coignet, Michel. ''El uso del Compas Proporcional'', ms., 1618, Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale, MS. I.D.I. 

Coignet, Michel. ''La geometrie reduite en un facile et briefve pratique; par deux excellens instrumens, dont l’une est le pantometre ou compas de proportion de Michel Connette ec. L’autre est l’usage du compas a huict poinctes inventé par Fabrice Mordente ec.'', Parigi, Charles Hulpeau, 1626. 

Meskens, Ad. ''Michiel Coignet’s Contribution to the Development of the Sector'', in «Annals of Science», 54 (1997), 2, pp. 143-160. 

|strumentiesistenti=

|link=

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56698.jpg | Coignet, Michel. ''De Regulae Pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', ms., Oxford In Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, p.113. 

Image: 56699.jpg | Coignet, Michel. ''Usus duodecim divisionem regulae pantometrae'', ms. 1610-1613, Firenze IN Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, p.116. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
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|categoria_9=
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|italiano= Compasso pantometro

}}

"Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses)

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:57:01 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Giacomo Contarini around 1590.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1554-1584

|descrizione=
Compass developed in 1554 by Fabrizio Mordente to measure fractions of a degree with maximum precision in order to perfect the computation of longitude. The first version was designed as a [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]] with a ratio of 1:60 between the settings, published by the author in 1567 in a broadsheet printed in Venice with a dedication to D. Barbaro (''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio…'' [Method for finding with the Astrolabe…). Between 1568 and 1570 Mordente was in Urbino, where he had Simone Barocci construct a new version of the instrument dedicated to Duke Guidobaldo II della Rovere and called [["Compasso Roverino" (Compasses of Della Rovere) | "compasso roverino" (compasses of Della Rovere)]] in his honour. According to Senator Giacomo Contarini, the instrument was known in Venice as the compasso magistrale and was formed of two flat legs with lengthwise slots, in which slid two cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. In 1572 Mordente was in Vienna, where he presented to Maximilian II the third version of the compass, now at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. A whole treatise was dedicated to the operations of the new instrument, called "admirabilis circinus", written by the inventor's brother Gasparo and published in Antwerp in 1584: ''Il compasso del S. Fabrizio Mordente'' [The compasses of Sig. Fabrizio Mordente]. The following year Mordente went to Paris, where he published the fourth version of the instrument, which took the name of [[Eight-Point Compasses | eight-point compasses]]. Mordente later entered the service of Duke Alessandro Farnese and modified his instrument once more, adding the ninth point and writing a manifesto of sorts announcing the birth of the so-called "residuals science". This last version was described in detail by Michel Coignet, who made it known under the name of [[Nine-Point Compasses | nine-point compasses]].
|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Boffito, Giuseppe. ''Paolo dell'Abbaco e Fabrizio Mordente. Il primo compasso proporzionale costruito da Fabrizio Mordente e la Operatio Cilindri di Paolo dell'Abaco'', Firenze 1931. 

Bonelli, Maria Luisa. ''Di una bellissima edizione di Fabrizio Mordente Salernitano «Mathematico della Sacra Ces.a M.ta dell’Imperatore Rudolfo II»'', in «Physis», I, 1959, pp. 127-148. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze, L.S. Olschki, 2000. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Fabrica et usus instrumenti ad horologiorum descriptionem peropportuni'', Roma 1586, cap. XXII, p. 120. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Geometria Practica'', Roma, 1604, I, II, p. 33. 

Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d’istromenti matematici e loro uso'', ms., 1577-86, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon Ital. 145, cc. 6, 7, 34-35, 41. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. ''Meditatiunculae de rebus Mathematicis'', Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Fonds Latin 10246, cc. 110-111. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. Lettera a Giacomo Contarini, 6 ottobre 1577, Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, J 231 Infra, cc. 194v-196r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio, ò Quadrante, ò altro instromento, oltre gradi, intieri, i minuti, et secondi, et ognaltra particella'', Venetia 1567. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Problema mirabile di Fabrizio Mordente'' (1586?), ms., Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, D 235 Inf., cc. 107, 239, Q. 122. Sup., c. 106r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''La Quadratura del Cerchio, la Scienza de' residui, il Compasso et Riga di Fabritio, et di Gasparo Mordente fratelli salernitani'', Anversa 1591 (copia manoscritta, Biblioteca Nazionale di Roma, Fondo Gesuitico 615). 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Le propositioni di Fabritio Mordente Salernitano…'', Roma 1598. 

Mordente, Gasparo. ''Il Compasso del S. Fabritio Mordente con altri Istromenti Mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa 1584. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''The origins of proportional compass from Mordente to Galileo'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 53-69. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''Jacomo Contarini (1536-1595), a venetian patron and collector of mathematical instruments and books'', in «Physis», 2, XVIII, 1976, pp. 117-130. 

Rosen, Edward. ''The Invention of the Reduction Compass'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 306-308. 

Ursi, Nicholaus Raimarus. ''De Astronomicis Hypothesibus…'', Praga 1597, pp. Fii-Fiii. 

|strumentiesistenti=
- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-69 Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-69] 

|link=

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40288.jpg | Gasparo Mordente. ''Il compasso del signor Fabritio Mordente : con altri istromenti mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa, 1584. 

Image: 56697.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590 IN Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, c7. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1=
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso magistrale

}}

[[Category:Measuring instruments|Compasso Magistrale]]

"Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses)

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:56:46 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Giacomo Contarini around 1590.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1554-1584

|descrizione=
Compass developed in 1554 by Fabrizio Mordente to measure fractions of a degree with maximum precision in order to perfect the computation of longitude. The first version was designed as a [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]] with a ratio of 1:60 between the settings, published by the author in 1567 in a broadsheet printed in Venice with a dedication to D. Barbaro (''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio…'' [Method for finding with the Astrolabe…). Between 1568 and 1570 Mordente was in Urbino, where he had Simone Barocci construct a new version of the instrument dedicated to Duke Guidobaldo II della Rovere and called [["Compasso Roverino" (Compasses of Della Rovere) | "compasso roverino" (compasses of Della Rovere)]] in his honour. According to Senator Giacomo Contarini, the instrument was known in Venice as the compasso magistrale and was formed of two flat legs with lengthwise slots, in which slid two cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. In 1572 Mordente was in Vienna, where he presented to Maximilian II the third version of the compass, now at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. A whole treatise was dedicated to the operations of the new instrument, called "admirabilis circinus", written by the inventor's brother Gasparo and published in Antwerp in 1584: ''Il compasso del S. Fabrizio Mordente'' [The compasses of Sig. Fabrizio Mordente]. The following year Mordente went to Paris, where he published the fourth version of the instrument, which took the name of [[Eight-Point Compasses | eight-point compasses]]. Mordente later entered the service of Duke Alessandro Farnese and modified his instrument once more, adding the ninth point and writing a manifesto of sorts announcing the birth of the so-called "residuals science". This last version was described in detail by Michel Coignet, who made it known under the name of [[Nine-Point Compasses | nine-point compasses]].
|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Boffito, Giuseppe. ''Paolo dell'Abbaco e Fabrizio Mordente. Il primo compasso proporzionale costruito da Fabrizio Mordente e la Operatio Cilindri di Paolo dell'Abaco'', Firenze 1931. 

Bonelli, Maria Luisa. ''Di una bellissima edizione di Fabrizio Mordente Salernitano «Mathematico della Sacra Ces.a M.ta dell’Imperatore Rudolfo II»'', in «Physis», I, 1959, pp. 127-148. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze, L.S. Olschki, 2000. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Fabrica et usus instrumenti ad horologiorum descriptionem peropportuni'', Roma 1586, cap. XXII, p. 120. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Geometria Practica'', Roma, 1604, I, II, p. 33. 

Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d’istromenti matematici e loro uso'', ms., 1577-86, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon Ital. 145, cc. 6, 7, 34-35, 41. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. ''Meditatiunculae de rebus Mathematicis'', Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Fonds Latin 10246, cc. 110-111. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. Lettera a Giacomo Contarini, 6 ottobre 1577, Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, J 231 Infra, cc. 194v-196r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio, ò Quadrante, ò altro instromento, oltre gradi, intieri, i minuti, et secondi, et ognaltra particella'', Venetia 1567. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Problema mirabile di Fabrizio Mordente'' (1586?), ms., Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, D 235 Inf., cc. 107, 239, Q. 122. Sup., c. 106r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''La Quadratura del Cerchio, la Scienza de' residui, il Compasso et Riga di Fabritio, et di Gasparo Mordente fratelli salernitani'', Anversa 1591 (copia manoscritta, Biblioteca Nazionale di Roma, Fondo Gesuitico 615). 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Le propositioni di Fabritio Mordente Salernitano…'', Roma 1598. 

Mordente, Gasparo. ''Il Compasso del S. Fabritio Mordente con altri Istromenti Mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa 1584. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''The origins of proportional compass from Mordente to Galileo'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 53-69. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''Jacomo Contarini (1536-1595), a venetian patron and collector of mathematical instruments and books'', in «Physis», 2, XVIII, 1976, pp. 117-130. 

Rosen, Edward. ''The Invention of the Reduction Compass'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 306-308. 

Ursi, Nicholaus Raimarus. ''De Astronomicis Hypothesibus…'', Praga 1597, pp. Fii-Fiii. 

|strumentiesistenti=
- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-69 Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-69] 

|link=

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40288.jpg | Gasparo Mordente. ''Il compasso del signor Fabritio Mordente : con altri istromenti mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa, 1584. 

Image: 56697.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590, c7 IN Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1=
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|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
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|categoria_9=
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|italiano= Compasso magistrale

}}

[[Category:Measuring instruments|Compasso Magistrale]]

Reduction Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:55:22 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name currently used for the compass with intersecting legs, or [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]].

|inventore=

|data= 1st C. B.C.?

|descrizione=
Instrument used exclusively to reproduce drawings in reduced or enlarged scale, having two legs intersecting at a fixed or mobile centre whose opposed points form simple ratios of 1:2, 1:3 or other (''Vocabolario della Crusca'', 1878). The most ancient was found in the archaeological excavations of Pompeii. In the Renaissance it was known as [[Double Compasses | double compasses]], compasso a centro mobile (compass with mobile centre) (Giacomo Contarini) or ''compasso con le punte doppie'' (compass with double points) (Muzio Oddi, ''Fabbrica et uso del compasso polimetro'', Milan 1633, Introduction), while in modern terminology it is also called [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]].

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 21. 

Oddi, Muzio. Fabbrica et uso del compasso polimetro, Milano 1633. 

|strumentiesistenti=
- Museo Galileo, Istituto e museo di storia della scienza, Firenze 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass_n02.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 3686.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 655.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass_n01.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 633.] 

- Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D1%26K%3D24208%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02755-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D2%26K%3D24226%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 08851-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D3%26K%3D24214%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02773-0000-] 

Napoli, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Inv. 76684

|link=
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a756424205~frm=titlelink (English)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0101-39792.jpg | Leonardo da Vinci. ''Il Codice Atlantico di Leonardo da Vinci : edizione in facsimile dopo il restauro dell'originale conservato nella Biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano''. Firenze, 1973-1975, c. 1046r. 

Image: 8528_3202_1659-024.jpg | Nicolas Bion. ''Traité de la construction et des principaux usages des instruments de mathematique'', Paris, 1725, tav. 8. 

Image: 56696.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590 IN Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, c21. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
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|italiano= Compasso di riduzione

}}

Eight-Point Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:53:08 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Milles Denorry ("Compas à huict Poinctes") in 1588.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1585

|descrizione=
Fourth version of the so-called [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] described by Fabrizio Mordente in a broadsheet printed in Paris in 1585 entitled ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente....'' [The Compass and Figure of Fabrizio Mordente…]. Hoping to obtain a position at the court of Henry III, Mordente gave various public demonstrations of his compass. Giordano Bruno was present at one of these demonstrations. Fascinated by the invention, he decided to compose two dialogues to disclose the hermetic secrets of the compass, developing his first reflections on the nature of the minimum. The ''Dialogi duo'' [Two dialogues] (Paris 1586) brought the compass to the attention of the scientific world, but cast a shadow of infamy on Mordente, who was suspected of plagiarism. Mordente publicly denounced the arrogance of Bruno, who wrote another two dialogues in which the "god of geometers", as he had called Mordente in the previous dialogues, was scornfully portrayed as the "Triumphant Idiot" (''Idiota Triumphans…''). After this violent argument, the mathematician Milles Denorry published a treatise on the compasses, ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'' [The use and operation of the eight-point compasses] (1588), popularizing the name of 8-point compass. The compasses was composed of two slender square-section legs along which slid four cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. Of the other four points, two were on the ends of the legs and two at the hinged joint. The compasses was always used with a particular geometric figure, a quadrant, to carry out proportional operations and measure fractions of degrees.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Bruno, Giordano. ''Dialogi duo de Fabricii Mordentis Salernitani propre divina adinventione ad perfectam cosmimetriae praxim'', Parigi 1586. 

Bruno, Giordano. ''Idiota Triumphans, De somnii interpretatione, Mordentius, De Mordentij circino'', Parigi 1586. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il Compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze 2000.

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

|strumentiesistenti=

- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-67b Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-67b] 

|link=

http://www.nicolaseverino.it/Articoli/Il_compasso_di_proporzione.pdf (Italian)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40308.jpg| Fabrizio Mordente. ''Il compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente''. Parigi, 1585. 

Image: 56694.jpg| Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, p.110. 

Image: 56695-Compasso_8_punte_p111_1000.jpg| Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, p.111. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
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|italiano= Compasso a otto punte

}}

Meridian Pointer

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:51:16 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome= Has no specific name.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente?

|data= ca. 1570

|descrizione= Giacomo Contarini describes it among the inventions of Fabrizio Mordente as an "Inst[rument] f[or] finding the meridian at any time of day without a magnet". The instrument consists of a horizontal disk on which rotates a diopter carrying a triangular plate with a zodiacal belt and an index. The index is positioned at the sign marking the moment of measurement; when the sun's ray passes through the openings in the sights, a lighted dot falls on the diopter, indicating the position of the meridian. The instrument was used to construct sundials.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini,Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 19.

|strumentiesistenti=

|link=

|immagini=

<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56703.jpg| Filippo Camerota. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione''. Firenze, 2000, c19. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Indicatore di meridiano

}}

Protractor

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:44:27 GMT

Ghada:

Pantometer

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:43:05 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name coined by the inventor (in Latin regula pantometra)

|descrizione=
The "regula pantometra" is a [[Proportional Compasses | proportional compasses]] with flat legs designed by Michel Coignet for Archduke Albert, perhaps as early as 1596. The instrument clearly derives from the second version of Fabrizio Mordente's [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] o (1572), but without the slots and cursors. In the two known manuscripts of ''De regulae pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', the compass is described as essentially a surveying instrument, mounted on a tripod identical to the one proposed for Mordente's compass in the treatise on ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente Salernitano..''. [The operation of the compass of Fabrizio Mordente from Salerno…], Antwerp 1608. The compass also had a folding ruler like that of Mordente's compass, and was fitted with optical sights that faithfully reproduced the fixed points of the model it emulated. Moreover, its surveying operations resembled those described in the treatise on Mordente's compass. Unlike the latter, however, Coignet's instrument has other proportional scales engraved on the legs, used to perform more complex operations in trigonometry: the scale of division into equal parts, the scale of cords and the scale of sines.

|inventore= Michel Coignet

|data= 1596?

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Coignet, Michel. ''De Regulae Pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', ms., Oxford, Bodleian Library, Banon Misc. 243. 

Coignet, Michel. ''Usus duodecim divisionem regulae pantometrae'', ms. 1610-1613, Firenze, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 859. 

Coignet, Michel. ''El uso del Compas Proporcional'', ms., 1618, Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale, MS. I.D.I. 

Coignet, Michel. ''La geometrie reduite en un facile et briefve pratique; par deux excellens instrumens, dont l’une est le pantometre ou compas de proportion de Michel Connette ec. L’autre est l’usage du compas a huict poinctes inventé par Fabrice Mordente ec.'', Parigi, Charles Hulpeau, 1626. 

Meskens, Ad. ''Michiel Coignet’s Contribution to the Development of the Sector'', in «Annals of Science», 54 (1997), 2, pp. 143-160. 

|strumentiesistenti=

|link=

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56698.jpg | Coignet, Michel. ''De Regulae Pantometrae fabrica et usu libri septem'', ms., Oxford, p.113. 

Image: 56699.jpg | Coignet, Michel. ''Usus duodecim divisionem regulae pantometrae'', ms. 1610-1613, Firenze, p.116. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso pantometro

}}

"Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses)

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:41:11 GMT

Ghada:

Reduction Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:38:30 GMT

Ghada:

Eight-Point Compasses

Ghada — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 07:36:34 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Milles Denorry ("Compas à huict Poinctes") in 1588.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1585

|descrizione=
Fourth version of the so-called [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] described by Fabrizio Mordente in a broadsheet printed in Paris in 1585 entitled ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente....'' [The Compass and Figure of Fabrizio Mordente…]. Hoping to obtain a position at the court of Henry III, Mordente gave various public demonstrations of his compass. Giordano Bruno was present at one of these demonstrations. Fascinated by the invention, he decided to compose two dialogues to disclose the hermetic secrets of the compass, developing his first reflections on the nature of the minimum. The ''Dialogi duo'' [Two dialogues] (Paris 1586) brought the compass to the attention of the scientific world, but cast a shadow of infamy on Mordente, who was suspected of plagiarism. Mordente publicly denounced the arrogance of Bruno, who wrote another two dialogues in which the "god of geometers", as he had called Mordente in the previous dialogues, was scornfully portrayed as the "Triumphant Idiot" (''Idiota Triumphans…''). After this violent argument, the mathematician Milles Denorry published a treatise on the compasses, ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'' [The use and operation of the eight-point compasses] (1588), popularizing the name of 8-point compass. The compasses was composed of two slender square-section legs along which slid four cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. Of the other four points, two were on the ends of the legs and two at the hinged joint. The compasses was always used with a particular geometric figure, a quadrant, to carry out proportional operations and measure fractions of degrees.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Bruno, Giordano. ''Dialogi duo de Fabricii Mordentis Salernitani propre divina adinventione ad perfectam cosmimetriae praxim'', Parigi 1586. 

Bruno, Giordano. ''Idiota Triumphans, De somnii interpretatione, Mordentius, De Mordentij circino'', Parigi 1586. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il Compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze 2000.

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

|strumentiesistenti=

- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-67b Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-67b] 

|link=

http://www.nicolaseverino.it/Articoli/Il_compasso_di_proporzione.pdf (Italian)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40308.jpg| Fabrizio Mordente. ''Il compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente''. Parigi, 1585. 

Image: 56694.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. Modena, 1608, p.110. 

Image: 56695-Compasso_8_punte_p111_1000.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. Modena, 1608, p.111. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso a otto punte

}}

Protractor

Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 16:12:33 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name currently in use, deriving from the Greek ''gonia'' (angle) and ''metron'' (measure).

|inventore=

|data=

|descrizione=
Generic name for instruments used to divide circles and measure plane angles. They can be circular, semicircular or rectangular. To increase its accuracy, the protractor was often inserted in a nonius, a device for enhancing the precision of the measurements made by a direct readout on a graduated scale. The instrument often came with other accessories, such as folding metal arms and plumb bobs. A singular variant for the layouts of fortresses is described by Giacomo Contarini as one of Fabrizio Mordente's inventions.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 23.

|strumentiesistenti=
- Museo Galileo, Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/Protractor_n02.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, inv. 613.] 
[http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=402080 Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, inv. 1126, 612.]

- Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D2%26K%3D2245%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 21729-0001-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D3%26K%3D2246%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 21730-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27Goniometre%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D4%26K%3D27442%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02888-0000-] 

- The Science Museum, London 
[http://www.ingenious.org.uk/See/?s=S1&ObjectID={5B360CFF-E81D-9962-CB0B-17293CE3B67E}&source=Search&target=SeeMedium The Science museum, inv. 1915-388] 
[http://www.ingenious.org.uk/See/?target=SeeMedium&ObjectID={053349A4-3050-CE37-5644-60E3D9F97689}&s=S1&SearchString=Protractor&source=Search&viewby=images&cntRead=0&cntDebate=0&cntDCBooks=0&cntDCImages=7& The Science museum, "Lusuerg protractor, 1701"] 

- Museum of the History of Science, Oxford 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=2789&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 54238] 
[http://emu.mhs.ox.ac.uk/Display.php?irn=7407&QueryPage=%2FAdvQuery.php Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, inv. 17159] 

|link=
http://il.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg9AUtOs96s&feature=related (a video on the invention of the protractor in English)

|immagini=<gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 56702.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Goniometro

}}

Pantometer

Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 16:08:29 GMT

Ghada:

"Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses)

Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 16:03:08 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Giacomo Contarini around 1590.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1554-1584

|descrizione=
Compass developed in 1554 by Fabrizio Mordente to measure fractions of a degree with maximum precision in order to perfect the computation of longitude. The first version was designed as a [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]] with a ratio of 1:60 between the settings, published by the author in 1567 in a broadsheet printed in Venice with a dedication to D. Barbaro (''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio…'' [Method for finding with the Astrolabe…). Between 1568 and 1570 Mordente was in Urbino, where he had Simone Barocci construct a new version of the instrument dedicated to Duke Guidobaldo II della Rovere and called [["Compasso Roverino" (Compasses of Della Rovere) | "compasso roverino" (compasses of Della Rovere)]] in his honour. According to Senator Giacomo Contarini, the instrument was known in Venice as the compasso magistrale and was formed of two flat legs with lengthwise slots, in which slid two cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. In 1572 Mordente was in Vienna, where he presented to Maximilian II the third version of the compass, now at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. A whole treatise was dedicated to the operations of the new instrument, called "admirabilis circinus", written by the inventor's brother Gasparo and published in Antwerp in 1584: ''Il compasso del S. Fabrizio Mordente'' [The compasses of Sig. Fabrizio Mordente]. The following year Mordente went to Paris, where he published the fourth version of the instrument, which took the name of [[Eight-Point Compasses | eight-point compasses]]. Mordente later entered the service of Duke Alessandro Farnese and modified his instrument once more, adding the ninth point and writing a manifesto of sorts announcing the birth of the so-called "residuals science". This last version was described in detail by Michel Coignet, who made it known under the name of [[Nine-Point Compasses | nine-point compasses]].
|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Boffito, Giuseppe. ''Paolo dell'Abbaco e Fabrizio Mordente. Il primo compasso proporzionale costruito da Fabrizio Mordente e la Operatio Cilindri di Paolo dell'Abaco'', Firenze 1931. 

Bonelli, Maria Luisa. ''Di una bellissima edizione di Fabrizio Mordente Salernitano «Mathematico della Sacra Ces.a M.ta dell’Imperatore Rudolfo II»'', in «Physis», I, 1959, pp. 127-148. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente: per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze, L.S. Olschki, 2000. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Fabrica et usus instrumenti ad horologiorum descriptionem peropportuni'', Roma 1586, cap. XXII, p. 120. 

Clavius, Christophorus. ''Geometria Practica'', Roma, 1604, I, II, p. 33. 

Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d’istromenti matematici e loro uso'', ms., 1577-86, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon Ital. 145, cc. 6, 7, 34-35, 41. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. ''Meditatiunculae de rebus Mathematicis'', Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Fonds Latin 10246, cc. 110-111. 

Del Monte, Guidobaldo. Lettera a Giacomo Contarini, 6 ottobre 1577, Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, J 231 Infra, cc. 194v-196r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Modo di trovare con l'Astrolabio, ò Quadrante, ò altro instromento, oltre gradi, intieri, i minuti, et secondi, et ognaltra particella'', Venetia 1567. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Problema mirabile di Fabrizio Mordente'' (1586?), ms., Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, D 235 Inf., cc. 107, 239, Q. 122. Sup., c. 106r. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''La Quadratura del Cerchio, la Scienza de' residui, il Compasso et Riga di Fabritio, et di Gasparo Mordente fratelli salernitani'', Anversa 1591 (copia manoscritta, Biblioteca Nazionale di Roma, Fondo Gesuitico 615). 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Le propositioni di Fabritio Mordente Salernitano…'', Roma 1598. 

Mordente, Gasparo. ''Il Compasso del S. Fabritio Mordente con altri Istromenti Mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa 1584. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''The origins of proportional compass from Mordente to Galileo'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 53-69. 

Rose, Paul Lawrence. ''Jacomo Contarini (1536-1595), a venetian patron and collector of mathematical instruments and books'', in «Physis», 2, XVIII, 1976, pp. 117-130. 

Rosen, Edward. ''The Invention of the Reduction Compass'', in «Physis», X, 1968, pp. 306-308. 

Ursi, Nicholaus Raimarus. ''De Astronomicis Hypothesibus…'', Praga 1597, pp. Fii-Fiii. 

|strumentiesistenti=
- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-69 Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-69] 

|link=

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40288.jpg | Gasparo Mordente. ''Il compasso del signor Fabritio Mordente : con altri istromenti mathematici ritrovati da Gasparo suo fratello'', Anversa, 1584. 

Image: 56697.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1=
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso magistrale

}}

[[Category:Measuring instruments|Compasso Magistrale]]

Reduction Compasses

Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 15:58:51 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name currently used for the compass with intersecting legs, or [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]].

|inventore=

|data= 1st C. B.C.?

|descrizione=
Instrument used exclusively to reproduce drawings in reduced or enlarged scale, having two legs intersecting at a fixed or mobile centre whose opposed points form simple ratios of 1:2, 1:3 or other (''Vocabolario della Crusca'', 1878). The most ancient was found in the archaeological excavations of Pompeii. In the Renaissance it was known as [[Double Compasses | double compasses]], compasso a centro mobile (compass with mobile centre) (Giacomo Contarini) or ''compasso con le punte doppie'' (compass with double points) (Muzio Oddi, ''Fabbrica et uso del compasso polimetro'', Milan 1633, Introduction), while in modern terminology it is also called [[Four-Point Compasses | four-point compasses]].

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Contarini, Giacomo. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici e loro uso'', ms, ca. 1590, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Ital. 145, c. 21. 

Oddi, Muzio. Fabbrica et uso del compasso polimetro, Milano 1633. 

|strumentiesistenti=
- Museo Galileo, Istituto e museo di storia della scienza, Firenze 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass_n02.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 3686.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 655.] 
[http://catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/ReductionCompass_n01.html Florence, Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Inv. 633.] 

- Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D1%26K%3D24208%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02755-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D2%26K%3D24226%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 08851-0000-] 
[http://cugnot.cnam.fr:8000/SEARCH/BASIS/COLLEC/INTERNET/objet/DDW?W%3DDESIG+PH+WORDS+%27compas+reduction%27+ORDER+BY+DESIG/Ascend%26M%3D3%26K%3D24214%26R%3DY%26U%3D1 Paris, Musée des arts et metiers, inv. 02773-0000-] 

Napoli, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Inv. 76684

|link=
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a756424205~frm=titlelink (English)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0101-39792.jpg | Leonardo da Vinci. ''Il Codice Atlantico di Leonardo da Vinci : edizione in facsimile dopo il restauro dell'originale conservato nella Biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano''. Firenze, 1973-1975, c. 1046r. 

Image: 8528_3202_1659-024.jpg | Nicolas Bion. ''Traité de la construction et des principaux usages des instruments de mathematique'', Paris, 1725, tav. 8. 

Image: 56696.jpg | Giacomo Contarini. ''Figure d'Istromenti Matematici'', Oxford, c. 1590. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2= Drawing instruments
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso di riduzione

}}

Eight-Point Compasses

Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 15:50:27 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Milles Denorry ("Compas à huict Poinctes") in 1588.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1585

|descrizione=
Fourth version of the so-called [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] described by Fabrizio Mordente in a broadsheet printed in Paris in 1585 entitled ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente....'' [The Compass and Figure of Fabrizio Mordente…]. Hoping to obtain a position at the court of Henry III, Mordente gave various public demonstrations of his compass. Giordano Bruno was present at one of these demonstrations. Fascinated by the invention, he decided to compose two dialogues to disclose the hermetic secrets of the compass, developing his first reflections on the nature of the minimum. The ''Dialogi duo'' [Two dialogues] (Paris 1586) brought the compass to the attention of the scientific world, but cast a shadow of infamy on Mordente, who was suspected of plagiarism. Mordente publicly denounced the arrogance of Bruno, who wrote another two dialogues in which the "god of geometers", as he had called Mordente in the previous dialogues, was scornfully portrayed as the "Triumphant Idiot" (''Idiota Triumphans…''). After this violent argument, the mathematician Milles Denorry published a treatise on the compasses, ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'' [The use and operation of the eight-point compasses] (1588), popularizing the name of 8-point compass. The compasses was composed of two slender square-section legs along which slid four cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. Of the other four points, two were on the ends of the legs and two at the hinged joint. The compasses was always used with a particular geometric figure, a quadrant, to carry out proportional operations and measure fractions of degrees.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Bruno, Giordano. ''Dialogi duo de Fabricii Mordentis Salernitani propre divina adinventione ad perfectam cosmimetriae praxim'', Parigi 1586. 

Bruno, Giordano. ''Idiota Triumphans, De somnii interpretatione, Mordentius, De Mordentij circino'', Parigi 1586. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il Compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze 2000.

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

|strumentiesistenti=

- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-67b Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-67b] 

|link=

http://www.nicolaseverino.it/Articoli/Il_compasso_di_proporzione.pdf (Italian)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40308.jpg| Fabrizio Mordente. ''Il compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente''. Parigi, 1585. 

Image: 56694.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. Modena, 1608. 

Image: 56695-Compasso_8_punte_p111_1000.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. Modena, 1608. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso a otto punte

}}

Eight-Point Compasses

Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 15:50:15 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Milles Denorry ("Compas à huict Poinctes") in 1588.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1585

|descrizione=
Fourth version of the so-called [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] described by Fabrizio Mordente in a broadsheet printed in Paris in 1585 entitled ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente....'' [The Compass and Figure of Fabrizio Mordente…]. Hoping to obtain a position at the court of Henry III, Mordente gave various public demonstrations of his compass. Giordano Bruno was present at one of these demonstrations. Fascinated by the invention, he decided to compose two dialogues to disclose the hermetic secrets of the compass, developing his first reflections on the nature of the minimum. The ''Dialogi duo'' [Two dialogues] (Paris 1586) brought the compass to the attention of the scientific world, but cast a shadow of infamy on Mordente, who was suspected of plagiarism. Mordente publicly denounced the arrogance of Bruno, who wrote another two dialogues in which the "god of geometers", as he had called Mordente in the previous dialogues, was scornfully portrayed as the "Triumphant Idiot" (''Idiota Triumphans…''). After this violent argument, the mathematician Milles Denorry published a treatise on the compasses, ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'' [The use and operation of the eight-point compasses] (1588), popularizing the name of 8-point compass. The compasses was composed of two slender square-section legs along which slid four cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. Of the other four points, two were on the ends of the legs and two at the hinged joint. The compasses was always used with a particular geometric figure, a quadrant, to carry out proportional operations and measure fractions of degrees.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Bruno, Giordano. ''Dialogi duo de Fabricii Mordentis Salernitani propre divina adinventione ad perfectam cosmimetriae praxim'', Parigi 1586. 

Bruno, Giordano. ''Idiota Triumphans, De somnii interpretatione, Mordentius, De Mordentij circino'', Parigi 1586. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il Compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze 2000.

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

|strumentiesistenti=

- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-67b Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-67b] 

|link=

http://www.nicolaseverino.it/Articoli/Il_compasso_di_proporzione.pdf (Italian)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40308.jpg| Fabrizio Mordente. ''Il compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente''. Parigi, 1585. 

Immage: 56694.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. Modena, 1608. 

Image: 56695-Compasso_8_punte_p111_1000.jpg| Michel Coignet. ''L'uso del compasso di Fabritio Mordente''. Modena, 1608. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso a otto punte

}}

Eight-Point Compasses

Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 15:49:21 GMT

Ghada:

{{Template invention

|nome=
Name documented by Milles Denorry ("Compas à huict Poinctes") in 1588.

|inventore= Fabrizio Mordente (1532-1608?)

|data= 1585

|descrizione=
Fourth version of the so-called [["Compasso Magistrale" (Masterly Compasses) | "compasso magistrale" (masterly compasses)]] described by Fabrizio Mordente in a broadsheet printed in Paris in 1585 entitled ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente....'' [The Compass and Figure of Fabrizio Mordente…]. Hoping to obtain a position at the court of Henry III, Mordente gave various public demonstrations of his compass. Giordano Bruno was present at one of these demonstrations. Fascinated by the invention, he decided to compose two dialogues to disclose the hermetic secrets of the compass, developing his first reflections on the nature of the minimum. The ''Dialogi duo'' [Two dialogues] (Paris 1586) brought the compass to the attention of the scientific world, but cast a shadow of infamy on Mordente, who was suspected of plagiarism. Mordente publicly denounced the arrogance of Bruno, who wrote another two dialogues in which the "god of geometers", as he had called Mordente in the previous dialogues, was scornfully portrayed as the "Triumphant Idiot" (''Idiota Triumphans…''). After this violent argument, the mathematician Milles Denorry published a treatise on the compasses, ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'' [The use and operation of the eight-point compasses] (1588), popularizing the name of 8-point compass. The compasses was composed of two slender square-section legs along which slid four cursors with points orthogonal to the legs. Of the other four points, two were on the ends of the legs and two at the hinged joint. The compasses was always used with a particular geometric figure, a quadrant, to carry out proportional operations and measure fractions of degrees.

|componenti=

|riferimentibibliografici=
Bruno, Giordano. ''Dialogi duo de Fabricii Mordentis Salernitani propre divina adinventione ad perfectam cosmimetriae praxim'', Parigi 1586. 

Bruno, Giordano. ''Idiota Triumphans, De somnii interpretatione, Mordentius, De Mordentij circino'', Parigi 1586. 

Camerota, Filippo. ''Il Compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione'', Firenze 2000.

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

|strumentiesistenti=

- Adler Planetarium, Chicago 
[http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/4dlink/4DACTION/webserveimage?M-67b Chicago, Adler Planetarium, inv. M-67b] 

|link=

http://www.nicolaseverino.it/Articoli/Il_compasso_di_proporzione.pdf (Italian)

|immagini= <gallery widths=230 heights=368 perrow=3>

Image: 0050-40308.jpg| Fabrizio Mordente. ''Il compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente''. Parigi, 1585. 

Denorry, Milles. ''L’usage et pratique du Compas à huict Poinctes'', Paris 1588. 

Mordente, Fabrizio. ''Il Compasso e Figura di Fabritio Mordente...'', Paris 1585. 

</gallery>

|autore_scheda= Filippo Camerota

|categoria_1= Measuring instruments
|categoria_2=
|categoria_3=
|categoria_4=
|categoria_5=
|categoria_6=
|categoria_7=
|categoria_8=
|categoria_9=
|categoria_10=

|italiano= Compasso a otto punte

}}

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Ghada — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 15:48:42 GMT

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